In most cases, your doctor will simply use your MPV test results to decide whether or not to do additional testing, such as a bone marrow biopsy.
Also keep in mind that several things can affect your MPV, including living at a high altitude or following a vigorous exercise routine.
Make sure you go over your test results with your doctor so you get the full picture. Testing your MPV is an easy process. A phlebotomist a person specially trained in drawing blood will wrap a tourniquet around your arm to make your veins engorge. The pain should be minimal, but you may have some bruising and tenderness for a few days. A high MPV means that your platelets are larger than average. Platelets are produced in the bone marrow and released into the bloodstream.
Larger platelets are usually young and more recently released from the bone marrow. Smaller platelets are more likely to have been in circulation for a few days. When someone has a low platelet count and a high MPV level, it suggests that the bone marrow is rapidly producing platelets. This may be because older platelets are being destroyed, so the bone marrow is trying to compensate. Increased MPV is associated with platelet activation, which can happen when platelets encounter tumor byproducts.
However, if you have a family history of cancer or other risk factors, your doctor might do some additional testing to make sure there are no other signs. If you do have cancer, a high MPV may be a warning sign, depending on the results of other blood tests.
Platelets can help cancer spread to other parts of the body and promote tumor growth. A high MPV suggests increased platelet production, which is associated with reduced survival rates in several types of cancer, including:. Keep in mind that MPV only refers to the size of your platelets, not the actual number of them. A low MPV means your platelets are smaller than average. Depending on your lifestyle, a high or low MPV may be completely normal for you.
However, based on other results from your CBC, it can signal to your doctor to do additional testing to rule out any possible underlying conditions. A hematocrit test is a measurement of the red blood cells in your blood. Learn how it's done and what the results can mean. An MPV test is often included as part of a complete blood count CBC test , which assesses the overall composition of the blood and its individual components, including red blood cells , white blood cells , and platelets [ 10 ].
Your doctor will interpret the test in conjunction with your medical history and other test results. There is some lab-to-lab variability in ranges due to differences in equipment, techniques, and chemicals used. A low MPV means that platelets are smaller than average. In general, smaller platelets tend to be older, so a low MPV may mean that bone marrow is not producing enough new platelets [ 11 ]. However, a low MPV on its own is not informative enough and must be looked at in conjunction with other tests to diagnose platelet-associated conditions.
Causes shown below are commonly associated with low MPV. Work with your doctor or another health care professional to get an accurate diagnosis. Some inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, inflammatory bowel disease IBD , and familial Mediterranean fever have been associated with low MPV. MPV usually increases with anti-inflammatory therapy [ 3 , 12 , 13 ]. Some conditions which impaired bone marrow function, such as aplastic anemia, are associated with low MPV.
New platelets are not produced by the bone marrow, so older, smaller platelets make up a larger proportion of all the platelets in the bloodstream [ 14 , 15 ]. Drugs that kill cells or reduce their division, such as chemotherapy drugs, can decrease platelet production and MPV [ 15 , 14 ]. Some rare genetic clotting disorders have been associated with lower MPV [ 16 ]. A low MPV is usually caused by an underlying medical condition. Alternatively, it can be low due to chemotherapy.
MPV usually returns to normal once the underlying condition has been resolved. A high MPV means that platelets are larger than average.
Larger platelets are more reactive. This is sometimes a sign that the body is producing too many platelets [ 17 ].
However, a high MPV on its own is not informative enough and must be looked at in conjunction with other tests to diagnose platelet-associated conditions. Causes shown below are commonly associated with high MPV. A study with people found that lower blood vitamin D levels were associated with high MPV [ 18 ]. A study of obese and non-obese people suggests that obesity may be associated with significantly higher MPV.
Other metabolic disorders that have been associated with higher MPV include high cholesterol, diabetes, and insulin resistance [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Both underactive and overactive thyroid hypo- or hyperthyroidism have been linked to higher MPV [ 23 , 24 ]. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura ITP is an autoimmune disease in which antibodies attack platelets. Slow-growing blood cancers myeloproliferative disorders and various other cancers have been associated with higher MPV [ 14 , 26 , 27 , 28 ].
Chronic myeloid leukemia CML is a rare type of cancer of the blood cells. Plasma is the liquid part of your blood that carries nutrients, hormones and proteins to your cells and carries away wastes. A CMP is a group of 14 tests that measure electrolytes , proteins, liver enzymes and kidney waste products in the blood. A BMP omits the liver and protein tests. Use the ranges on your lab results report when interpreting your results. They live for days and are replaced by new RBCs, which are made in the bone marrow.
RBCs contain hemoglobin , a protein that carries oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body. A hematocrit shows what percentage of your blood is made up of RBCs. Your RBC count is usually interpreted with your hemoglobin and hematocrit results. Other tests examine the characteristics of RBCs. RBCs are usually the same general shape and size, but certain conditions for example, anemia or thalassemia can affect their appearance:.
Platelets, also called thrombocytes, are tiny fragments of cells that are vital for normal blood clotting. They come from very large cells megakaryocytes in the bone marrow and are released into the blood.
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